Heat exchanging fins with fluid circulation lines therewithin

ABSTRACT

A conduit for use in directing the flows of primary fluid and a secondary fluid in heat exchanging relationships comprising a plurality of elongated members to direct a flow of a primary fluid in a first path. The first path is comprised of separate generally parallel channels. It includes means to direct a flow of air over, under and between the plurality of elongated members in a second path. The first path and the second path are in spaced alternating relationship in generally parallel planes and with the first path in a first direction and the secondary path in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Coupling means are associated with the input and output ends of the first and second paths whereby when a first fluid is fed through the first paths at a first temperature and a second fluid is fed through the second paths at a second temperature, a heat transfer occurs therebetween.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to heat exchanging fins with fluid circulationlines therewithin and, more particularly, to air conditioning assemblieswherein the heat exchangers include fins having internal lines(flutes/pipes/tubes) for the circulation of heat exchanging fluids.

2. Description of the Background Art

Presently, air conditioning devices employ heat exchangers in variouslocations. Such heat exchangers normally involve a tube configured in aserpentine fashion for the passage of a heat transfer fluidtherethrough. Thermally conductive fins are secured to the tube toprovide extended surfaces for effecting the exchange of heat between onefluid in one flow path within the tube and another fluid in another flowpath across the fins. Such is conventional throughout the industry.Unfortunately, however, a relatively limited area of contact existsbetween the tube conveying the first fluid and the second fluid moved inheat exchanging relationship therewith. The fins supplement the heatexchanging relationship to an extent but such extent is limited eventhrough it is normally accepted within the industry.

Nowhere in the prior art is there a disclosure, teaching or suggestionthat fluid conveying tubes could be configured in such manner as toconstitute the fins themselves. Nowhere in the prior art is there adisclosure, teaching or suggestion that fluid conveying tubes and finscould be consolidated as a single entity for maximizing the area ofcontact between the two media moving in heat exchanging relationship.Nowhere in the prior art is there a disclosure, teaching or suggestionfor optimizing the efficiency of heat exchanging assemblies in airconditioners and the like.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide animprovement which overcomes the aforementioned inadequacies of the priorart devices and provides an improvement which is a significantcontribution to the advancement of the heat exchanger art.

Another object of the present invention is to convey a first fluidthrough a plurality of small lines within the fins of the heat exchangerand to effect the flow of a second fluid across such lines and fins.

Another object of the present invention is to optimize the heat transfercapabilities in air conditioners and other devices of the type whichnormally employ heat exchangers with thermally conductive surfaces.

A further object of the present invention is to transfer heat from fluidin one path to another fluid in another path.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a conduit for usein directing the flows of primary fluid and a secondary fluid in heatexchanging relationships comprising a plurality of elongated members todirect a flow of a primary fluid in a first path. The first path iscomprised of separate generally parallel channels. It includes means todirect a flow of a secondary fluid over, under and between the pluralityof elongated members in a second path. The first path and the secondpath are in spaced alternating relationship in generally parallel planesand with the first path in a first direction and the secondary path in asecond direction perpendicular to the first direction. Coupling meansare adapted to be associated with the input and output ends of the firstand second paths whereby when a first fluid is fed through the firstpaths at a first temperature and a second fluid is fed through thesecond paths at a second temperature, a heat transfer occurstherebetween.

The foregoing has outlined some of the pertinent objects of theinvention. These objects should be construed to merely illustrative ofsome of the more prominent features and applications of the intendedinvention. Many other beneficial results can be attained by applying thedisclosed invention in a different manner or modifying the inventionwithin the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other objects and afuller understanding of the invention and the detailed description ofthe preferred embodiment in addition to the scope of the inventiondefined by the claims taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

For the purpose of summarizing this invention, this invention comprisesa conduit for use in directing the flows of a primary fluid and asecondary fluid in heat exchanging relationship. The assembly includes avertically positionable elongated member having long parallel side edgesand short parallel upper and lower end edges, and generally parallelexterior faces therebetween. The elongated member is formed of twosimilarly configured parts of similar construction permanently coupledaround their peripheries. The assembly also includes a header apertureextending through the member from face to face adjacent to the upper endedge, and a footer aperture extending through the member from face toface adjacent to the lower end edge. The apertures have planar parallelperipheral surfaces at opposing ends at a first predetermined distance.The planar peripheral surfaces are attachable with planar peripheralsurfaces of other similarly configured elongated members to define afirst flow path for the primary fluid. The assembly also includes aplurality of essentially parallel coupling linear extents securingtogether the parts between the header aperture and the footer apertureto define parallel linear paths for the primary fluid moving in thefirst path from the header to the footer aperture. The parts are securedtogether along the coupling lines and their peripheries whereby theexterior surfaces of the facing parts are at a second predetermineddistance less than the first predetermined distance. The assemblyfurther includes spacer members formed in the exterior surfaces of thefacing parts and extending outwardly to a distance whereby when aplurality of elongated members are coupled at their apertures, spaceswill be formed between the exterior surfaces of the coupled elongatedmembers to define a second path for the second fluid perpendicular tothe first path for the first fluid so that when a first fluid of a firsttemperature is flowed in the first path and a second fluid of a secondtemperature is flowed in the second path, a heat exchange will occurtherebetween.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more pertinent andimportant features of the present invention in order that the detaileddescription of the invention that follows may be better understood sothat the present contribution to the art can be more fully appreciated.Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter whichform the subject of the claims of the invention. It should beappreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and thespecific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by thoseskilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart fromthe spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appendedclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention,reference should be had to the following detailed description taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a conventional heat exchanger with a conventional coil ofpipes conducting a first medium with thermally conductive fins inassociation therewith over which the second medium may pass.

FIGS. 2 through 5 are assemblies wherein the conventional heat exchangercould be replaced by the heat exchangers of the present invention. FIG.2 illustrates a conventional heat exchanger with fan coils of the typeshown in FIG. 1 which may be used for heating and/or cooling. FIG. 3 isan indirect evaporative cooling unit employing conventional heatexchanges. FIG. 4 is a cooling assembly with a desiccant wheel andconventional heat exchangers. FIG. 5 is a perspective illustration of acooling unit with a desiccant wheel and convention heat exchangers.These Figures are illustrative of assemblies wherein the heat exchangersof the present invention may be used as a substitute for known heatexchangers.

FIGS. 6 through 14 illustrate the primary embodiment of the invention,FIG. 6 being an exploded perspective view of one component of the heatexchanger assembly, FIG. 7 being a perspective illustration of the FIG.6 component in the assembled condition, FIG. 8 being a perspectiveillustration similar to FIG. 7 but with parts removed to shown certaininternal constructions, FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 being a front and side andtop elevational view of the component of FIGS. 6 through 8, FIG. 12being an exploded perspective view of a plurality of components inassemblies configuration, FIG. 13 being the components of FIG. 12assembled for operation and use, and FIG. 14 being an enlargedperspective showing of the spring coupling at the ends of the assembly.

FIGS. 15 through 21 illustrate a variation in the primary embodiment ofthe invention, FIG. 15 being an exploded perspective view of onecomponent of the heat exchanger apparatus, FIG. 16 being a perspectiveillustration of the FIG. 15 component assembled, FIG. 17 being aperspective illustration similar to FIG. 16 but with parts removed toshown certain internal constructions, FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 being a frontand side and top elevational view of the device of FIGS. 15 through 17,and FIG. 21 being an exploded perspective view of a plurality ofcomponents in assemblies configuration.

FIGS. 22 through 28 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the inventionwherein the lines for the first fluid are extruded, FIG. 22 being anexploded perspective view of one component of the heat exchangerapparatus, FIG. 23 being a perspective illustration of the FIG. 22component assembled, FIG. 24 being a perspective illustration similar toFIG. 23 but with parts removed to shown certain internal constructions,FIGS. 25, 26 and 27 being a front and side and top elevational view ofthe device of FIGS. 22 through 24, and FIG. 28 being an explodedperspective view of a plurality of components in assembliesconfiguration.

FIGS. 29 through 32 illustrate a variation in the extruded embodiment ofFIGS. 22 through 28, FIG. 29 being an exploded perspective view ofextruded components, FIG. 30 being a full block of extruded componentsin an assembled orientation, FIG. 31 being an perspective showing of anextruded block configuration with coupling components, FIG. 32 being afully assembled block with assembled components.

FIG. 33 through 36 are illustrations of an other variation of theextruded embodiment, with spacers being located between fluidtransferring components, FIG. 33 being an exploded view of twocomponents with spacers therebetween, FIG. 34 being a full block ofcomponents and spacers in an assembled orientation, FIGS. 35, 36 and 37being a front elevation, side elevation, and top elevational view of thecomponents shown in FIGS. 33 and 34.

FIGS. 37 through 41 are illustrations of the third embodiment of theinvention, the corrugated embodiment, FIG. 37 being an exploded view oftwo components with spacers therebetween, FIG. 38 being a full block ofcomponents and spacers in an assembled orientation, FIGS. 39, 40 and 41being a front elevation, side elevation, and top elevational view of thecomponents shown in FIGS. 37 and 38.

FIGS. 42 through 46 are illustrations of a variation of the corrugatedembodiment of FIGS. 37 through 41, FIG. 42 being an exploded view of twocomponents with spacers therebetween, FIG. 43 being a full block ofcomponents and spacers in an assembled orientation, FIGS. 44, 45, 46 and47 being a front elevation, side elevation, and top elevational view ofthe components shown in FIGS. 43 and 44.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Environment

FIG. 1 is a conventional heat exchanger with a conventional coil ofpipes conducting a first medium with thermally conductive fins inassociation therewith over which the second medium may pass. FIG. 2illustrates a conventional heat exchangers with fan coils of the typeshown in FIG. 1 which may be used for heating and/or cooling. FIG. 3 isan indirect evaporative cooling unit employing conventional heatexchangers. FIG. 4 is a cooling assembly with a desiccant wheel andconventional heat exchangers. FIG. 5 is a perspective illustration of acooling unit with a desiccant wheel and conventional heat exchangers.These Figures are illustrative of assemblies wherein the heat exchangersof the present invention may be used as a substitute for known heatexchangers.

Shown in FIG. 4 for example, is an illustration of an air conditioningassembly. Such air conditioning assembly includes three parallel flowpaths for air being conditioned. The central or first path is for thereceipt of outside air, inside air or a combination thereof. It includesa blower to draw the air into the first path. It also includes arotating desiccant wheel followed by a heat absorber last followed by adirect cooling pad. Thereafter fresh air from the first path is directedinto the room or region to be conditioned.

One of the adjacent air paths, the second path, takes outside and/orinside exhaust air and draws it in through the use of a blower. Nextfollowing is an evaporator pad followed by a heat sink next followed bylouvers for directing the exhaust back to atmosphere. Note is taken thata supplemental fluid line exists between the heat absorber of the firstpath, the heat sink of the second path and a pump within the second pathadjacent to the blower.

The third path includes a blower for the receipt of outside air. This isnext followed by a hot water supply heat regeneration followed by thedesiccant wheel rotating about an axis parallel with and between thefirst and third air flow paths. Next following the desiccant wheel arelouvers for exhausting the air to atmosphere.

In such an environment, as in the other environments as of the typeillustrated in FIGS. 1 through 5, the conventional finned heatexchangers may be replaced by the heat exchangers of the presentinvention.

First or Molded Embodiment

More specifically and as shown in FIGS. 6 through 14, the new heatexchangers are in the nature of conduits for use in directing the flowsof a primary fluid and a secondary fluid in heat exchangingrelationship. By way of example, in the disclosed primary embodiment,the preferred primary fluid is water and the preferred secondary fluidis air to be conditioned.

The first component of the conduit is a vertically positionableelongated member 10. Such or member 10, or component of the assembly,has long parallel side edges 12 and short parallel end edges 14. It isof a generally rectangular configuration. It has generally parallelexterior faces 16 between the side and end edges.

In the preferred embodiment, each elongated component 10 is formed oftwo similarly shaped and configured facing parts 20. Such parts are of asimilar or essentially identical construction. They are permanentlycoupled around their entire peripheries and at contacting areastherebetween to make a sealed container therein.

A header aperture 22 is formed to extend through the component from faceto face adjacent to the first or upper end 24. Also in associationtherewith, a footer aperture 26, similar in size and shape to the headeraperture 22, also extends through the member from face to face. Thefooter, however, is adjacent to the lower or the second end 28 of theelongated component.

The header aperture and the footer aperture have planar exteriorperipheral surfaces 32 around their peripheries. Such planar surfacesare located at opposing ends of the apertures. They are at a firstpredetermined distance from each other. Such planar peripheral surfacesare attachable with planar peripheral surfaces of similarly shaped andconfigured elongated components. When coupled together, such pluralityof components define an assembly with a first fluid path for the primaryfluid beginning at the header, ending at the footer, and including theregions between the faces of the elongated members between the headeraperture and footer apertures.

Coupling the headers and footers for each elongated component are aplurality of essentially parallel coupling linear extents 34. Suchlinear extents secure together the facing parts between the headers andfooters of each elongated component to define flow paths for the primaryfluid moving in the first flow path.

The facing components are secured together whereby the exterior surfacesof the linear extents 34 of the adjacent components are spaced a secondpredetermined distance. Such second predetermined distance is less thanthe first predetermined distance between the parallel faces at theheader and footer.

The plurality of components 10 are secured together through end platesat their ends. Such end plates include upper end plates 38 and 42 aswell as lower end plates 40 and 44 joined together at vertical recesses48 and projections 50. One upper end plate 42 includes a header intakepipe 54 extending through one upper end plate 38 with an interiorsealing plate 56 in contact with an endmost header aperture 22 forintroducing a first heat exchanging fluid. A sealing plate 58 is at theremote end of the assembly to force the fluid downwardly through thelinear extents 34 to the footer apertures 26. From the footer apertures,the first fluid moves to a footer outlet pipe 60 extending through onelower end plate 40 with an interior sealing plate 62 in contact with anendmost footer aperture 26. A sealing plate 64 is at the remote end ofthe assembly.

Coupling between the end plates is through a threaded pin 68 slidinglyjoining adjacent end plates. A washer 70 is secured to the pin and acoil spring 72 contacts the washer and one end plate to urge separation.Such separation thereby functions to hold the end plates separated andhence the headers and footers as well as the ends of the components ofthe assembly. Adjustment nut 73 may be adjusted for varying the tension.A similar arrangement is at each end of the assembly.

The last component of the individual elongated members are spacermembers 82. The spacer members or spacers 82 are associated with theexterior surfaces of the facing components between the header apertureand footer aperture. Such spacers extend outwardly from the exteriorsurfaces to a distance essentially equal to the parallel exterior facesof the elongated components around the header aperture and footeraperture. In this manner, when a plurality of elongated members arecoupled at their apertures, spaces will be formed between the exteriorsurfaces of the coupled elongated members. The spacer members hold suchelongated members at a proper orientation to define, therebetween, asecond flow path for the second fluid. Such second flow path isperpendicular to the first flow path for the first fluid. In thismanner, when a first fluid of a first temperature is flowed in a firstpath while a second fluid from a second temperature is flowed in asecond path, a heat exchange will occur between the two fluidstherebetween.

A variation of the first embodiment is shown in FIGS. 15, through 21. Insuch embodiment, the elongated members or components 78 are constructedessentially the same as in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 through 14.However, the materials forming the lines between the header and thefooter are formed with undulations 80 along the length. The headers andfooters are also provided with mechanisms tending to force apart theheaders and the footers and hold them in proper spaced relationship. Inthis way, any expansion or contraction of the material between theheader and footer, as caused by changes in temperature, will allow theheaders and footers to remain in contact with their coupling components.The mechanisms for such purpose are essentially the same as shown inFIGS. 12 through 14 and described hereinabove.

Spacer numbers 83, similar to those of the prior embodiment are alsoemployed. Such spacer members 83 are circular, preferably, while thoseof the prior embodiment are oval.

The members used to conduct the first fluid for transferring heat to thesecond unit may be made of any thermally conductive material, preferablya thermally conductive plastic material. The preferred plastic includepolypropylene and/or polyethylene copolymers, either alone of incombination. A more preferred material is a polyamide, most preferablynylon. It should be understood, however, that any other thermalconductive materials could be utilized such as metals including copper,aluminum, steel or the like. Such material selections are applicable tothe primary embodiment as described above as well as the alternateembodiments as described hereinafter.

Further, the heat exchangers could be used in gas to gas applications,most notable air to air. They could also be used in liquid to liquidapplications. Further, they could be used in any liquid to gas as, forexample, air in either direction, i.e., gas such as air to liquid. Theselection of the fluids employed would be a choice for the applicationmade.

Second or Extruded Embodiment

The second embodiment is shown in FIGS. 22 through 28. In suchembodiment, the individual members 88 are formed as unitary devices andnot of front and rear parts. In addition, the lines 90 between theheader 92 and footer 94 are formed as extruded plastic members such astubes, fins, flutes, etc. In such embodiment, the lines simply couplethe headers and the footers and function in a manner essentially thesame as in the primary embodiments.

A variation of this embodiment is shown in FIGS. 29 through 32. In suchvariation, a plurality of extruded components 98 and 100 with parallellinear lines 102 are stacked one above the other. In such stacking, theaxis of the passage ways or lines 102 for the flow of fluid in theadjacent components are at right angles to each other alternately. Thus,as can be seen in FIG. 30, fluid input for the first path begins upon asurface 106 with spaced parallel rows of fluid lines. The inputcouplings for the second fluid for the second path of travel is frominput surface 108 at right angles with respect to the first inputsurface 106. As such, the natures of the headers and footers aresignificantly different than in all of the prior embodiments. Hardwarein the nature of corner brackets 112 and end plates 114 couple toprovide regions for coupling with associated ducts.

More specifically, the invention of the extruded embodiment relates to aconduit assembly for use in directing the flows of a primary fluid and asecondary fluid in heat exchanging relationship. Such assembly includesa first fluid impervious planar member 102A and a second fluidimpervious planar member 102B. The planar members are of a similarconstruction and in spaced parallel relationship with each other. Suchassembly also includes a plurality of coupling members 102C in spacedrelationship one to an other and coupled at their first ends to theinterior face of the first planar member and coupled at their secondends to the interior face of the second planar member. The couplingmembers are laterally spaced with respect to each other to definetherebetween a plurality of linear first fluid paths 103 from one end ofthe planar members to the other end of the planar members through aplurality of similar shaped channels peripherally bounded by the planarmembers and adjacent coupling members. Such assembly also includescoupling means 38, 40 and 115 to join together a plurality of conduitswith alternating conduits having their channels in a common firstdirection defining the first path and with the remaining conduits havingtheir channels in a common second direction perpendicular to the firstpath. First attachment means are provided for the coupled conduits atfirst opposite sides of the coupled conduits for the flow of a firstfluid in a first fluid path, and second attachment means are alsoprovided for the coupled conduits at second opposite sides of thecoupled components for the flow of a second fluid in a second path 105.Consequently, when a primary fluid, preferably water, is fed through thefirst path at a first temperature and a second flow of fluid, preferablyair, is fed through the second path at a second temperature, a heattransfer occurs therebetween.

A yet further variation of the second embodiment is shown in FIGS. 33through 37. In such embodiment, the extruded components 98 with lines102 are placed in parallel paths for the first flow of fluid travel.Thereafter, between such plates, spacers 115 are positioned. Suchspacers are simply rectangular tubes extending to the edges of thespaced components of the first embodiment. As such, the path of flow offluid in the second path as seen in full view of FIG. 36 allows for asmooth flow of travel of the second fluid in the second path of travel.

Third or Undulating Embodiment

The third embodiment is shown in FIGS. 38 through 42. In such thirdembodiment, a stack of sheets 116 and 118 with lines 120 is provided ina manner analogous to the embodiment of FIGS. 29 through 32. In suchembodiment, however, the stacked materials are sheets of a fluidimpervious material which are corrugated, fluted, etc. Such sheetsinclude a planar sheet 124 with an undulating sheet 126 coupled theretoat spaced lines 128. Between the spaced lines there are providedchannels or lines 120 in a curved configuration for the passage of fluidfrom one of the fluid paths or the other. The undulating sheets are thenplaced at right angles to each other to define an input and output endin a first linear path and to define a second linear path perpendicularto the first path for feeding the second fluid in heat exchangingrelationship with the first fluid of the first path moving at rightangles with respect thereto.

Lastly, a variation of the above embodiment is shown in FIGS. 43 through47. In such last embodiment, the undulating sheets 132 are formed asspaced triangles 134. The triangles are secured as by an adhesive toplanar sheets 136 to form lines or channels 135. The axes of thetriangles of alternating sheets are at right angles to each other. Thusis defined a linear flow path for both the first and second fluids atright angles to each other as in the prior embodiments. Couplingcomponents similar to those shown in FIGS. 31 and 32 are provided forcoupling the heat exchangers with fluid flow lines, input and output,for both flows.

More specifically, the invention of the undulating embodiment relates toa conduit assembly for use in directing the flows of a primary fluid anda secondary fluid in heat exchanging relationship. Such assemblyincludes a fluid impervious planar member 124 and 136 and a couplingmember 126 and 132 with undulations in spaced relationship one to another and coupled along parallel linear extents to the planar member.The coupling member and planar member form laterally spaced fluid lines120 and 135 with respect to each other to define between the endsthereof a plurality of linear first fluid paths from one end of theplanar members to the other end of the planar members through aplurality of similar shaped channels peripherally bounded by the planarmember and the undulations of the coupling member. Such assembly alsocoupling means to join together a plurality of conduits with alternatingconduits having their channels in a common first direction defining thefirst path and with the remaining conduits having their channels in acommon second direction perpendicular to the first path. Firstattachment means are provided for the coupled conduits at first oppositesides of the coupled conduits for the flow of a first fluid in a firstfluid path, and second attachment means for the coupled conduits atsecond opposite sides of the coupled components for the flow of a secondfluid in a second path. Consequently, when a primary fluid, preferablywater, is fed through the first path at a first temperature and a secondflow of fluid, preferably air, is fed through the second path at asecond temperature, a heat transfer occurs therebetween.

The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims,as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this inventionhas been described in its preferred form with a certain degree ofparticularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of thepreferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerouschanges in the details of construction and the combination andarrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention.

Now that the invention has been described,

What is claimed is:
 1. A conduit for use in directing the flows of aprimary fluid and a secondary fluid in heat exchanging relationshipcomprising, in combination:a vertically positionable elongated memberhaving long parallel side edges and short parallel upper and lower endedges, and generally parallel exterior faces therebetween, the elongatedmember being formed of two similarly configured parts of similarconstruction permanently coupled around their peripheries; a headeraperture extending through the member from face to face adjacent to theupper end edge; a footer aperture extending through the member from faceto face adjacent to the lower end edge; the apertures having planarparallel peripheral surfaces at opposing ends at a first predetermineddistance, the planar peripheral surfaces being attachable with planarperipheral surfaces of other similarly configured elongated members todefine a first flow path for the primary fluid; a plurality ofessentially parallel coupling linear extents securing together the partsbetween the header aperture and the footer aperture to define parallellinear paths for the primary fluid moving in the first path from theheader to the footer aperture, the parts being secured together alongthe coupling lines and their peripheries whereby the exterior surfacesof the facing parts are at a second predetermined distance less than thefirst predetermined distance; and spacer members formed in the exteriorsurfaces of the facing parts and extending outwardly to a distancewhereby when a plurality of elongated members are coupled at theirapertures, spaces will be formed between the exterior surfaces of thecoupled elongated members to define a second path for the second fluidperpendicular to the first path for the first fluid so that when a firstfluid of a first temperature is flowed in the first path and a secondfluid of a second temperature is flowed in the second path, a heatexchange will occur therebetween.
 2. A conduit for use in directing theflows of a primary fluid and a secondary fluid in heat exchangingrelationship comprising:an elongated member having long parallel sideedges and short parallel end edges, and exterior faces therebetween; aheader aperture extending through the member from face to face adjacentto a first end; a footer aperture extending through the member from faceto face adjacent to a second end; the apertures having associatedperipheral surfaces at a first predetermined distance to define a firstflow path for the primary fluid; the elongated member having internallythereof a plurality of essentially parallel lines between the headeraperture and the footer aperture to define flow paths for the primaryfluid moving in the first path, the exterior surfaces of the memberbeing at a second predetermined distance less than the firstpredetermined distance; and spacers formed with and extending outwardlyfrom in the exterior surfaces of the members to define a second path forthe second fluid perpendicular to the first path for the first fluid sothat when a first fluid of a first temperature is flowed in the firstpath and a second fluid of a second temperature is flowed in the secondpath, a heat exchange will occur therebetween.
 3. The apparatus as setforth in claim 2 wherein the lines between the header aperture and thefooter aperture are linear and in a common plane.
 4. The apparatus asset forth in claim 2 wherein the lines between the header aperture andfooter aperture undulate.
 5. The apparatus as set forth in claim 2 andfurther including supports at the end of the elongated members springurging the header apertures and footer apertures of the elongatedmembers away from each other.
 6. The apparatus as set forth in claim 2and further including projections on the exterior faces of the linesbetween the header apertures and footer apertures to maintain anappropriate spacing therebetween.